The high priest questioned Jesus about his disciples and about his doctrine. Jesus answered him, "I have spoken publicly to the world. I have always taught in a synagogue or in the temple area 10 where all the Jews gather, and in secret I have said nothing. Why ask me? Ask those who heard me what I said to them. They know what I said." When he had said this, one of the temple guards standing there struck Jesus and said, "Is this the way you answer the high priest?", Jesus answered him, "If I have spoken wrongly, testify to the wrong; but if I have spoken rightly, why do you strike me?" Then Annas sent him bound to Caiaphas the high priest. John 18:19-24.
The Latin version of the Gospel of John uses the word alapa, which means slap, but the original Greek uses the term ῥάπισμα (rápisma), which equally means slap, but also, and preferably, blow. This blow would likely have been given with a whip or club, used by one of the officers in the service of the Jewish authority.
The image on the Holy Shroud shows the trace of a blow inflicted by an elongated object, held by someone shorter than Jesus and left-handed, who was standing to the right of the Master. The direction of the blow is diagonal to the face, injuring the right cheek and the middle part of the nose, where the nasal cartilage is broken.
The analyses carried out on the Shroud have also detected traces of spit, perhaps resulting from this mockery, as well as the noticeable deviation of the hairs of the bifid beard, whose tufts have been twisted to the left side of the face by forceful pulling.