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John
John
Pilate also had an inscription written and put on the cross. It read, "Jesus the Nazorean, the King of the Jews." Now many of the Jews read this inscription, because the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city; and it was written in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek. So the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, "Do not write 'The King of the Jews,' but that he said, 'I am the King of the Jews.'" Pilate answered, "What I have written, I have written."
Pilate also had an inscription written and put on the cross. It read, "Jesus the Nazorean, the King of the Jews." Now many of the Jews read this inscription, because the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city; and it was written in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek. So the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, "Do not write 'The King of the Jews,' but that he said, 'I am the King of the Jews.'" Pilate answered, "What I have written, I have written."
When the soldiers had crucified Jesus, they took his clothes and divided them into four shares, a share for each soldier. They also took his tunic, but the tunic was seamless, woven in one piece from the top down. So they said to one another, "Let's not tear it, but cast lots for it to see whose it will be," in order that the passage of scripture might be fulfilled (that says): "They divided my garments among them, and for my vesture they cast lots." This is what the soldiers did. Standing by the cross of Jesus were his mother and his mother's sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary of Magdala. When Jesus saw his mother and the disciple there whom he loved, he said to his mother, "Woman, behold, your son." Then he said to the disciple, "Behold, your mother." And from that hour the disciple took her into his home. After this, aware that everything was now finished, in order that the scripture might be fulfilled, Jesus said, "I thirst." There was a vessel filled with common wine. So they put a sponge soaked in wine on a sprig of hyssop and put it up to his mouth. When Jesus had taken the wine, he said, "It is finished." And bowing his head, he handed over the spirit. Now since it was preparation day, in order that the bodies might not remain on the cross on the sabbath, for the sabbath day of that week was a solemn one, the Jews asked Pilate that their legs be broken and they be taken down. So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first and then of the other one who was crucified with Jesus. But when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs, but one soldier thrust his lance into his side, and immediately blood and water flowed out. An eyewitness has testified, and his testimony is true; he knows 16 that he is speaking the truth, so that you also may (come to) believe. For this happened so that the scripture passage might be fulfilled: "Not a bone of it will be broken." And again another passage says: "They will look upon him whom they have pierced". John 19: 19-37
When the soldiers had crucified Jesus, they took his clothes and divided them into four shares, a share for each soldier. They also took his tunic, but the tunic was seamless, woven in one piece from the top down. So they said to one another, "Let's not tear it, but cast lots for it to see whose it will be," in order that the passage of scripture might be fulfilled (that says): "They divided my garments among them, and for my vesture they cast lots." This is what the soldiers did. Standing by the cross of Jesus were his mother and his mother's sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary of Magdala. When Jesus saw his mother and the disciple there whom he loved, he said to his mother, "Woman, behold, your son." Then he said to the disciple, "Behold, your mother." And from that hour the disciple took her into his home. After this, aware that everything was now finished, in order that the scripture might be fulfilled, Jesus said, "I thirst." There was a vessel filled with common wine. So they put a sponge soaked in wine on a sprig of hyssop and put it up to his mouth. When Jesus had taken the wine, he said, "It is finished." And bowing his head, he handed over the spirit. Now since it was preparation day, in order that the bodies might not remain on the cross on the sabbath, for the sabbath day of that week was a solemn one, the Jews asked Pilate that their legs be broken and they be taken down. So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first and then of the other one who was crucified with Jesus. But when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they did not break his legs, but one soldier thrust his lance into his side, and immediately blood and water flowed out. An eyewitness has testified, and his testimony is true; he knows 16 that he is speaking the truth, so that you also may (come to) believe. For this happened so that the scripture passage might be fulfilled: "Not a bone of it will be broken." And again another passage says: "They will look upon him whom they have pierced". John 19: 19-37
The evangelists are sparse in the details of Christ's torment on the cross. They all agree that he was crucified at the place called Golgotha, placed between two wrongdoers. However, it is John who interests us the most in terms of the presentation of the events, as he writes as a witness: 'He who saw it has testified.'
The evangelists are sparse in the details of Christ's torment on the cross. They all agree that he was crucified at the place called Golgotha, placed between two wrongdoers. However, it is John who interests us the most in terms of the presentation of the events, as he writes as a witness: 'He who saw it has testified.'
From the faithful narration of the Evangelist, there is only one detail, but essential, that connects the events with the martyrdom signs found on the Holy Shroud. It is the wound in the side, that is, the post-mortem wound caused by the soldier who pierced him with his spear.
From the faithful narration of the Evangelist, there is only one detail, but essential, that connects the events with the martyrdom signs found on the Holy Shroud. It is the wound in the side, that is, the post-mortem wound caused by the soldier who pierced him with his spear.
Forensic study of this wound concludes that blood and serum, originating from pulmonary and pericardial edema, flowed from it. The Evangelist interpreted the serum as water. The lack of tissue retraction indicates that the cutting of the tissues occurred in a lifeless body. The accurate thrust was delivered with the left hand, entering through the fifth right intercostal space, and passing through the right lung and heart, exiting through the fourth intercostal space between the right scapula and the spinal column. A post-mortem bloodstain at that point
Forensic study of this wound concludes that blood and serum, originating from pulmonary and pericardial edema, flowed from it. The Evangelist interpreted the serum as water. The lack of tissue retraction indicates that the cutting of the tissues occurred in a lifeless body. The accurate thrust was delivered with the left hand, entering through the fifth right intercostal space, and passing through the right lung and heart, exiting through the fourth intercostal space between the right scapula and the spinal column. A post-mortem bloodstain at that point
suggests so.
suggests so.
On the other hand, the Holy Shroud explains details that are not found in the Gospel text. The Man of the Shroud was crucified with three nails, square-sectioned with pyramid-shaped tips. The hands were crucified by passing the nails through the space between the wrist bones. The median nerve was likely injured, causing the retraction of the thumbs. According to Dr. Judica-Cordiglia, the right hand suffered more torture, resulting in a rectified hole. With the weight
On the other hand, the Holy Shroud explains details that are not found in the Gospel text. The Man of the Shroud was crucified with three nails, square-sectioned with pyramid-shaped tips. The hands were crucified by passing the nails through the space between the wrist bones. The median nerve was likely injured, causing the retraction of the thumbs. According to Dr. Judica-Cordiglia, the right hand suffered more torture, resulting in a rectified hole. With the weight
of the body hanging in this manner, the joints dislocate, and the arms elongate.
of the body hanging in this manner, the joints dislocate, and the arms elongate.
Both feet were pierced by a single nail, with the left foot placed over the right; the bloodstains on the soles demonstrate this, as they are not seen on the arch of the left foot, which would be pressing against the instep of the right foot. The abrasion on the right heel suggests the presence of a small support, a peg that would serve to raise oneself amidst tremendous pain and attempt to breathe with maximum difficulty.
Both feet were pierced by a single nail, with the left foot placed over the right; the bloodstains on the soles demonstrate this, as they are not seen on the arch of the left foot, which would be pressing against the instep of the right foot. The abrasion on the right heel suggests the presence of a small support, a peg that would serve to raise oneself amidst tremendous pain and attempt to breathe with maximum difficulty.
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