And the soldiers wove a crown out of thorns and placed it on his head, and clothed him in
a purple cloak, and they came to him and said, "Hail, King of the Jews!" And they struck him repeatedly.
Once more Pilate went out and said to them, "Look, I am bringing him out to you, so that
you may know that I find no guilt in him." So Jesus came out, wearing the crown of thorns
and the purple cloak. And he said to them, "Behold, the man!" When the chief priests and the guards saw him they cried out, "Crucify him, crucify him!" Pilate said to them, "Take him yourselves and crucify him. I find no guilt in him." The Jews answered, "We have a law, and according to that law he ought to die, because he made himself the Son of God" Now when Pilate heard this statement, he became even more afraid. John 19:2-8.
Monsignor Giulio Ricci, a great scholar of the Holy Shroud, upon seeing the multiple wounds that the relic presents all over the occipital area of the Man's head, came to the conclusion that he had been crowned with thorns, but not with a crown woven into a diadem, but rather with one in the shape of a helmet, that would cover his entire skull, from the forehead to the nape. These would be very hard thorns, which would not tend to break, and certainly, belonging to a plant that could be woven.
There is a bush very common in the Mediterranean area that meets all the conditions mentioned. It is the jujube or ziziphus jujuba, a plant from the Rhamnaceae family, deciduous, that blooms in the spring, with numerous intertwined branches, which only remain flexible in that season, precisely at the time when the condemnation of Jesus of Nazareth took place. Interestingly, there is a type of jujube in Palestine which was called spina Christi, but the variety that most likely served to make the crown of thorns was the ziziphus jujuba.
The violent imposition of the crown caused numerous wounds that caused extraordinary pain, along with the natural bleeding. On the Man's forehead, different streaks of blood can be seen, a result of the piercing of the thorns. The most characteristic is the one shaped like a 3, which on the Shroud, being a contact stain, presents the shape of the Greek letter epsilon (ε), which is usually how it is referred to. This epsilon would be formed, according to forensic studies, as the streak of blood runs over the muscles of the forehead, flexed due to the pain.
The face of the Man of the Holy Shroud also presents numerous bruises, a result of the slaps and blows. Perhaps the most notable is the one that affected the right eye, which appears conspicuously inflamed.